* LNG
* Condensates & LNG
* Oil Sands
Process Technologies provides the Oil Sands Industry critical services that maintain optimum operational efficiency.Total solutions approach including treatment equipment, chemicals and tools for monitoring and analysis.The benefits of these offerings include:
• Oil, water and solids separation
• Corrosion inhibition
• Fouling control
• Enhanced product quality
• Asset protection and reliability
• Water Conservation
• Waste Minimization
• Evaporative Produced Water Treatment
• Zero Liquid Discharge Solutions
* Shale Oil
Rate of production likely to decrease after 2020 in any case.
Transition to unconventional oil may be rapid :7-9%/yr growth.
First supplies from venezuela,canada, russia .
Present trends imply row oil peak 2010-30
Vast quantities of shale oil (or coal,NG)may be needed before 2050
* Coal
Coal it is the most abundant fossil fuel produced in the Unites States .
About 68 percent of coal in the U.S.is transported ,for at least part os its trip to market ,by train .The United States has the world's largest know coal reserves ,about 267.6 billion short tons .The four major uses of coal are :For electric power .A variety of industries use coal's heat and by products .Separated ingredients of coal (such as methanol and ethylene )are used in marking plastics ,synthetic fibers,fertilizers.
Coal is exported to many different countries ,bust most trade is whith Canada ,Brazil ,the Netherlands,and Italy .More than half coal exports are used for marking steel.
* Methane Hydrates
In the realm of energy methane hydrates are being evaluated as a potential fuel for the future.The fuel of the future may be ice that burns Methane hydrates, a promising natural gas resource, are believed to reside throughout the globe in sea-floor sediments and permafrost.Methane hydrates, which form at low temperature and high pressure,are found in sea-floor sediments and the arctic permafrost. methane hydrates should be evaluated as a potential primary energy source for the future.The growing demand for natural gas points to a need for this resource:“The United States consumes about 21 trillion cubic feet of natural gas per year. Demand is expected to grow to 32 trillion cubic feet by 2020.”Much of industry has already converted to natural gas. Estimates on how much energy is stored in methane hydrates range from 350 years' supply to 3500 years'.Hydrates are being evaluated as a potential storage mechanism for CO2 sequestration and for storing methane for use as a transporation fuel. .
* Nuclear
The design, development and manufacturing of reliable nuclear fuel for Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) nuclear power plants.Offers customized nuclear fuel solutions to fit the specific energy needs . With the goal of achieving the highest levels of fuel performance for Boiling Water Reactors (BWR),is a broad-based program focused on significantly reducing the critically important issues nuclear power plant operators face when it comes to fuel.
* Other Resource Depletion
* expand Renewables menuRenewables
* Wind 
* expand Solar menuSolar
* Photovoltaic
* Solar Thermal
In solar thermal power plants the incoming radiation is tracked by large mirror fields which concentrate the energy towards absorbers. They, in turn, receive the concentrated radiation and transfer it thermally to the working medium.
Solar thermal concentrating systems will undoubtedly provide within the next decade a significant contribution to efficient and economical, renewable and clean energy supply.
They will provide the European industry with a privileged technological position, thus opening industrial growth possibilities not only to the internal market of southern European countries but also to the export of equipment and services in the field of solar plant installations; in some respect, the solar specific technology required in most cases is also accessible to the local industries; the opportunity to create links with developing countries and their markets is self-evident.
* Hydro Energy
* Geothermal Energy
Energy Geothermal and Hydropower, burning wood for heat are the most mature renewable technologies, and mostly compete in today’s markets.They can be cost-competitive where the resource base is strong and where there is ready access to market the energy produced.Renewable energy technologies are not the only options to be considered for solving today and tomorrow’s energy challenges. In the end, renewables must achieve cost-competitiveness with fossil fuel and nuclear technologies and markets should work with minimal extraneous influence, yet taking into account external costs.Develop alternative energy resources to improve the world’s energy supply and demand structure.
* Ocean Energy menuOcean Energy
* Tidal Energy
* Wave Energy
* OTEC
* Hydrogen & Fuel Cells 
A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity.With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.The fuel cell will compete with many other types of energy conversion devices, including the gas turbine in your city's power plant, the gasoline engine in your car and the battery in your laptop. Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries converted chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed. Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently.Fuel cells are usually classified by the type of electrolyte they use. Some types of fuel cells work well for use in stationary power generation plants. Others may be useful for small portable applications or for powering cars.The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising technologies. The PEMFC uses one of the simplest reactions of any fuel cell.
* Biomass
Traditional biomass is wood residue and excess straw from agriculture being burned to provide heat or power. There are also gasification plants that produce a gas composed mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from plant material. This has the advantage of being capable of transportation by pipeline or being filled into cylinders for distribution. Pyrolysis of biomass is used to produce a mixture of three combustible products from biomass: tar, gas and coke are formed in varying proportions. After cleaning the gas can be used to drive turbines or gas motors. The tar is also suitable for the plastics industry and the coke can also be burned in the conventional way.
* Biofuels
Biofuels present many challenges for power plant operators, but technology developments and the vast experience of the Nordic countries means that they are growing in popularity all over the world. This was another technology step to further utilize biofuels as a source for energy production in an efficient way. With co-combustion, biofuels are used as one fuel source and are combusted with another fuel, usually coal or oil. This is a very typical scenario and results from the fact that the availability of biofuels may be limited due to seasonal variations, and the overall availability of the fuel . In such cases a boiler designed with multi-fuel capability ensures energy year-round. The fuels are organic materials and use nutrients while growing, so biofuels such as wood contain alkali salts and chlorides. If these compounds exist in sufficient quantities, they will produce corrosive substances in the combustion process. The use of biofuels will continuously increase as there are both political and social driving forces promoting the use of sustainable energy. The incentives in electricity prices implemented in certain countries in the European Union will further increase the use of biofuels.
* collapse Regions menuRegions
* Middle East
* Russia & Central Asia
* North America
* Latin America
* Africa
* Europe
* Australia & Oceania 
* Polar Regions
* Asia South and East
* Global
* collapse Related Issues menuRelated Issues
* Food & Agriculture
* Transport
* Housing & Urban Design
* Health
* expand Industry menuIndustry
* Energy Companies 
The challenges facing energy companies across the globe are immense. Supply and demand imbalances, increasing reliance on remote energy sources, the quest for technological innovation and diversification in the face of climate change concerns, new market mechanisms, competitive pressures, mergers and acquisitions and an ageing workforce all heighten the need for companies to ensure that they attract and retain the very best talent and expertise.
* Energy Infrastructure
* Exploration
* Technology
* Electricity
* expand Environment & Sustainablity menuEnvironment & Sustainablity
* Climate
* Consumerism
* Energy Demand
It is important to quantify the flexibility in the demand. The examples are quantifying how much the demand for the electricity that can be replaced by the other energy the periods of the shortage. The model is based on measured profiles of the load, and calculates the load in the level hourly divided in sectors and final uses.
* Human Ecology & Behaviour
* Overshoot 
* Construction Technology
Concrete sealer provides a totally effective integral waterproofing and corrosion resistant concrete sealant system that is permanent for the life of the structure.There is no need for membranes or built-up treatments. Concrete waterproofing is designed to enable major savings in construction costs.Two waterproofing actions heavy duty has two distinct waterproofing actions.The first is the reaction hydrophobic component with the concrete mix, which fundamentally changing its surface tension, producing a concrete, which is inherently water-repellent and non-absorptive throughout its entire mass. In the second action, polymer globules moving with the bleed water during hydration collect in the concrete capillaries. When the hardened concrete is subjected to water pressure, these globules are compacted together to form a physical “plug” blocking the capillaries and preventing water entry. These globules are durable and will not leech with time.Surfaces treated are not only water repellent but also sealed against penetration of rainwater, even under high wind pressure and against most other staining materials .
* Building Systems
* Composite Materials and Technologies
* Concrete Technologies
Full line manufacturer of chemical admixtures and allied materials used in the production of concrete. Our technologies are focused on meeting the demands of tomorrow's construction challenges.Concrete admixtures provide a wide range of solutions to today's demanding design and performance criteria. Whether your projects require ease of placement, enhanced finishability, improved pumpability, increased durability and/or the inhibition of corrosion.In several market segments including Self-Consolidating Concrete, High Performance Concrete, Corrosion Inhibition Systems, Concrete Products, and Masonry Additives.The most innovative and cost-effective solutions available.
* Construction Equipment and Methods
* Demolition
* Foundations
* Masonry Technologies
the leading supplier of chemical detergent products for the restoration and maintenance of buildings, new and old.
* Roofing Technologies
* Steel Technologies 
* Structural Connection Technologies
* Trenchless Technologies
* Air Distribution
* Basic Mechanical Materials
* Building Services, Process, and Fire Protection Piping
* Heat Generation Equipment
* Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Equipment and Controls
* Internal Pipeline Assessment Technologies
* Pipe Technologies
* Refrigeration Equipment
* Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing 
* Welding Technologies
* Ingravycoptero
* Hangarfast
* Microsati
* Microusi
* Nautimetal
* Nautigold
* Micrometal
* Metanano
* Metacrea
* Matrixcopetero
* Duplicator
* Docker
* Tragazartika
* Towersblocks
* Plataforfastix
* Gigagrue
* Shipbuildingfast
* Towerrock
